Strapi users-permissions plugin fails to restrict JWT algorithms when plugin::users-permissions.jwt.algorithm is not explicitly configured, allowing acceptance of HS384 and HS512 tokens alongside HS256. Attackers possessing the jwtSecret can mint tokens with non-standard HMAC variants to bypass algorithm restrictions and weaken authentication controls.

A buffer overflow in the Get_Attribute_List function of EIPStackGroup OpENer commit 76b95c allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted Common Packet Format (CPF) packet.

Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.471, Coolify server and project lookups are not scoped to the current team, allowing any authenticated user to access servers and projects belonging to other teams by specifying their IDs directly. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.0.0-beta.471.

The USB CDC-NCM device class (subsys/usb/device_next/class/usbd_cdc_ncm.c) ignores the return value of usbd_ep_enqueue() in its ethernet transmit callback cdc_ncm_send(). When the enqueue fails, the function still calls k_sem_take(&data-sync_sem, K_FOREVER), blocking on a completion semaphore that is only ever signaled from the bulk-IN transfer-completion callback. Because nothing was enqueued, that callback never fires and the calling thread — a shared network traffic-class TX thread — deadlocks permanently while holding the interface TX lock, halting transmission until reboot (and leaking the transmit buffer). The enqueue fails under conditions controlled by the attached USB host: usbd_ep_enqueue() returns -EPERM whenever the bus is suspended (a standard, persistent host operation), and the underlying udc_ep_enqueue() returns -EPERM/-ENODEV on disconnect, bus reset, or endpoint disable. The cdc_ncm_send() guard only checks the DATA_IFACE_ENABLED and IFACE_UP flags, not the suspended state, so a packet transmitted while the host holds the bus suspended reaches the failing enqueue and deadlocks the TX path. The realistic trigger is a bus suspend that occurs while the exported network interface is active and has traffic to send — host sleep, USB selective/auto-suspend, or hub power management — after which any device-originated packet deadlocks the path, recoverable only by reboot. The impact is a persistent loss of the virtual network connection between the host's NCM interface and the Zephyr device; because the deadlocked thread is a shared traffic-class TX thread, egress on other network interfaces can stall as well. There is no memory corruption or information disclosure. The defect was introduced with the CDC-NCM driver and shipped in releases through v4.4.0; it is fixed by checking the usbd_ep_enqueue() return value and freeing the buffer before the blocking wait.

Missing Critical Step in Authentication vulnerability in Apache Tomcat when the JNDIRealm was configured to authenticate binds using GSSAPI allowed attackers to authenticate without provided the correct password. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.4, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.36, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.100, from 8.5.0 through 8.5.100, from 7.0.0 through 7.0.109. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.5, 10.1.37 or 9.0.101, which fixes the issue.

Improper Authorization vulnerability in Apache Tomcat leads to security constraints specified for the default servlet ignoring any method or method omission configured as part of the constraint. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.22, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.55, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.118, from 8.5.0 through 8.5.100, from 7.0.0 through 7.0.109. Other versions that have reached end of support may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.23, 10.1.56 or 9.0.119, which fix the issue.

Improper Authentication vulnerability in Apache Tomcat allowed a replay attack against the EncryptionInterceptor in the cluster component. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.22, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.55, from 9.0.13 through 9.0.18, from 8.5.38 through 8.5.100, from 7.0.100 through 7.0.109. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.23, 10.1.56, 9.0.119, which fixes the issue.

Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat meant that special roles and empty authorisation constraints were not included when the effective web.xml was logged. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.22, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.55, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.118, from 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Other versions that have reached end of support may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.23, 10.1.56 or 9.0.119 which fixes the issue.

Detection of Error Condition Without Action vulnerability in Apache Tomcat when configuring CRLs for a FFM based connector. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.22, from 10.1.0-M7 through 10.1.55, from 9.0.83 through 9.0.118. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.23, 10.1.56 or 9.0.119, which fixes the issue.

Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat's rewrite valve meant that if the first condition in an OR chain matched, subsequent non-OR conditions were skipped. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.22, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.55, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.118, from 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Other versions that have reached end of support may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.23, 10.1.56 or 9.0.119, which fix the issue.

Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in the number guess example for Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.22, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.55, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.118, from 8.5.0 through 8.5.100, from 7.0.0 through 7.0.109. Other versions that have reached end of support may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.23, 10.1.56 or 9.0.119, which fix the issue.

Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.474, the HMAC key is the application's manual_webhook_secret_github field, which is used by Coolify's webhook endpoints to validate incoming requests, is nullable with no default — meaning newly created applications have a null webhook secret. PHP's hash_hmac() function silently coerces a null key to an empty string ''. So when the secret is null, the server computes hash_hmac('sha256', $payload, '') — a deterministic value that any attacker can calculate independently. By sending X-Hub-Signature-256: sha256=<hash_hmac('sha256', payload, '')>, an unauthenticated attacker can forge a valid signature and trigger deployments. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.0.0-beta.474.

Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.470, a critical Authenticated Host Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in Coolify. The flaw resides in the handling of user-defined build parameters for the Nixpacks build pack. Specifically, the install_command provided by a user is directly concatenated into a shell command string that is executed on the deployment host during the building phase. An attacker can leverage this to escape the intended build context and execute arbitrary commands with host-level privileges. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.0.0-beta.470.

Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.471, an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the Destination Network Management functionality allows users with destination management permissions to execute arbitrary commands as root on managed servers. The "network" parameter is passed directly to shell commands without proper sanitization, enabling full remote code execution on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.0.0-beta.471.

CryptX versions before 0.088_001 for Perl compare AEAD authentication tags in non-constant time in the streaming decrypt_done path. The decrypt_done($tag) form compares it against the computed tag with memNE (memcmp() != 0), which short-circuits on the first differing byte, so its run time depends on the number of matching leading bytes. This affects all five AEAD modes: GCM, CCM, ChaCha20Poly1305, EAX and OCB. The one-shot *_decrypt_verify helpers are unaffected; they verify the tag inside libtomcrypt with a constant-time comparison. The timing difference is a tag-verification oracle. An attacker who can submit many candidate tags for the same nonce, ciphertext and associated data while measuring the timing precisely enough may recover the expected tag byte by byte and forge a message that verifies.

PBackupVSS.exe in Matrix42 Empirum before 25.5 and 26.x before 26.2 creates a named pipe (\\.\pipe\PBackupVSS) with a DACL that grants GENERIC_READ and GENERIC_WRITE permissions to all authenticated users. A low-privileged local attacker can connect to this pipe and send crafted IPC messages to trigger execution of arbitrary commands with SYSTEM privileges via an untrusted search path. This allows privilege escalation by placing a malicious shadow.exe in a controlled working directory.

Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.474, Coolify's API controllers consistently validate server ownership with Server::whereTeamId($teamId) before any operation. However, multiple Livewire web UI components accept server_id and destination_uuid from URL query parameters without any team ownership validation, allowing cross-team resource deployment. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.0.0-beta.474.

JavaScript::Minifier::XS versions before 0.16 for Perl leak memory on every call to minify(), allowing unbounded memory growth. In JsMinify (XS.xs) the cleanup frees only the NodeSet structures and never the per-token contents buffers allocated in JsSetNodeContents; JsDiscardNode unlinks nodes without freeing their contents. Each token's contents buffer is therefore leaked on every call, and the two early returns taken when the node list is empty leak the whole NodeSet. A long-lived process that minifies repeatedly, such as an asset pipeline or a server-side minifier endpoint, grows in memory without bound until it exhausts available memory and is killed, causing denial of service.

JavaScript::Minifier::XS versions before 0.16 for Perl crash with a NULL pointer dereference when the first meaningful token of the input is a slash. The regexp versus division disambiguator in JsTokenizeString (XS.xs) inspects the previous token's last byte to choose between a regexp literal and a division operator. When a slash is the first meaningful token, with the start of input or only whitespace and comments before it, there is no valid preceding token: the walk back over whitespace and comment nodes runs off the head of the node list to NULL, and the byte lookup reads through a NULL contents pointer at an underflowed length index. The following identifier check dereferences the same NULL pointer. The crash is reachable through the public minify() API, so input as small as a single slash byte crashes the calling process. A service that minifies untrusted or third-party JavaScript can be crashed by a remote request, causing denial of service.

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS) vulnerability in leandrocp mdex allows cross-site scripting via unsanitized URL schemes in Quill Delta output. 'Elixir.MDEx':to_delta/2 converts Markdown into a Quill Delta. 'Elixir.MDEx.DeltaConverter':default_convert_node/3 in lib/mdex/delta_converter.ex copies the URL of a link, wikilink, or image node directly from the parsed Markdown into the Delta "link" or "image" attribute without applying a scheme allowlist or any normalization. An attacker who controls the Markdown text can supply a javascript: URL (for example [click](javascript:alert(document.cookie))) that survives verbatim into the Delta attribute. When the Delta is rendered to HTML by a downstream renderer (such as quill-delta-to-html or the Quill client), the attribute becomes an <a href> or <img src>, and the javascript: scheme executes in the browser of anyone who views the rendered content. The link and wikilink cases are the strongest vectors because javascript: in an href executes on click; the image case is lower impact because javascript: in <img src> generally does not execute in modern browsers. This issue affects mdex: from 0.8.3 before 0.13.2.

Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in leandrocp mdex allows denial of service via deeply nested Markdown input. mdex converts between an Elixir %MDEx.Document{} struct and Comrak's internal AST using two mutually recursive Rust functions, ex_document_to_comrak_ast and comrak_ast_to_ex_document, in the NIF source file document.rs. Neither function enforces a maximum nesting depth, so the recursion depth is bounded only by the structure of the input. An attacker who can get a Markdown document rendered (for example through MDEx.parse_document!/1 or MDEx.to_html/1) can supply a document with thousands of nested block quotes, which drives unbounded recursion across the NIF boundary and exhausts the native C stack. Because the resulting stack overflow is an uncatchable SIGSEGV raised inside a NIF, it cannot be contained by the Erlang runtime. It terminates the operating system process running the BEAM, killing every Elixir and Erlang process on the node, not just the caller that triggered the render. No authentication or special privileges are required. The vulnerable conversion code was extracted from mdex into the separate mdex_native package starting in mdex 0.12.3. This issue affects mdex from 0.3.0 before 0.12.3 and mdex_native from 0.1.0 before 0.2.3.

Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime vulnerability in leandrocp mdex and mdex_native allows an attacker who controls a rendered document to cause a denial of service through unbounded native memory exhaustion. The native rendering code permanently leaks memory when rendering a document that contains escaped-tag nodes. The conversion of each %MDEx.EscapedTag{} node into its native representation (From<ExEscapedTag> for NodeValue in the Rust NIF) calls Box::leak on the caller-supplied literal string, which surrenders the backing allocation so that it lives for the entire lifetime of the operating system process and is never freed. Both the byte length of each literal and the number of escaped-tag nodes in a document are attacker-controlled, and there is no size cap, rate limit, or string interning on this path. Every render of a document containing escaped-tag nodes therefore leaks literal_size x node_count bytes that can never be reclaimed, and repeated renders accumulate without bound. Rendering reaches this path through the public MDEx.to_html/1 entry point and any other API that renders a supplied %MDEx.Document{}. Any application that uses mdex (or mdex_native directly) to render documents derived from user-supplied content is affected. Because the leaked memory is never reclaimed for the life of the BEAM process, an attacker can drive resident memory upward without limit until the node exhausts memory and crashes, taking down every process on it. The vulnerable native code originally shipped inside mdex (in native/comrak_nif/src/types/document.rs) and was later extracted into the separate mdex_native package (native/mdex_native_nif/src/types/document.rs), where it remains unpatched. This issue affects mdex from 0.11.0 before 0.12.3, and mdex_native from 0.1.0 before 0.2.3.

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in leandrocp MDEx allows Excessive Allocation. MDEx.parse_document/2 accepts a {:json, json} source. In lib/mdex.ex, the private json_to_node/1 function passes the attacker-controlled node_type value to Module.concat/1, which calls String.to_atom/1 and interns a brand-new atom for every distinct value. Atoms are never garbage collected on the BEAM, so a crafted JSON document carrying a unique node_type at each (deeply nested) node mints one permanent atom per node. A single document can intern hundreds of thousands of atoms, and a large enough document exhausts the default atom table (around 1,048,576 atoms) and aborts the entire Erlang VM, taking down every process on the node. Any application that passes untrusted input to the {:json, ...} source of MDEx.parse_document is exposed to an unauthenticated denial-of-service. This issue affects mdex from 0.4.3 before 0.13.2.

A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.5.2, iOS 26.5.2 and iPadOS 26.5.2, macOS Tahoe 26.5.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash.

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.5.2, iOS 26.5.2 and iPadOS 26.5.2, macOS Tahoe 26.5.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash.