In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: powerpc/64s: Fix unmap race with PMD migration entries The following race is possible with migration swap entries or device-private THP entries. e.g. when move_pages is called on a PMD THP page, then there maybe an intermediate state, where PMD entry acts as a migration swap entry (pmd_present() is true). Then if an munmap happens at the same time, then this VM_BUG_ON() can happen in pmdp_huge_get_and_clear_full(). This patch fixes that. Thread A: move_pages() syscall add_folio_for_migration() mmap_read_lock(mm) folio_isolate_lru(folio) mmap_read_unlock(mm) do_move_pages_to_node() migrate_pages() try_to_migrate_one() spin_lock(ptl) set_pmd_migration_entry() pmdp_invalidate() # PMD: _PAGE_INVALID | _PAGE_PTE | pfn set_pmd_at() # PMD: migration swap entry (pmd_present=0) spin_unlock(ptl) [page copy phase] # <--- RACE WINDOW --> Thread B: munmap() mmap_write_downgrade(mm) unmap_vmas() -> zap_pmd_range() zap_huge_pmd() __pmd_trans_huge_lock() pmd_is_huge(): # !pmd_present && !pmd_none -> TRUE (swap entry) pmd_lock() -> # spin_lock(ptl), waits for Thread A to release ptl pmdp_huge_get_and_clear_full() VM_BUG_ON(!pmd_present(*pmdp)) # HITS! [ 287.738700][ T1867] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 287.743843][ T1867] kernel BUG at arch/powerpc/mm/book3s64/pgtable.c:187! cpu 0x0: Vector: 700 (Program Check) at [c00000044037f4f0] pc: c000000000094ca4: pmdp_huge_get_and_clear_full+0x6c/0x23c lr: c000000000645dec: zap_huge_pmd+0xb0/0x868 sp: c00000044037f790 msr: 800000000282b033 current = 0xc0000004032c1a00 paca = 0xc000000004fe0000 irqmask: 0x03 irq_happened: 0x09 pid = 1867, comm = a.out kernel BUG at :187! Linux version 6.19.0-12136-g14360d4f917c-dirty (powerpc64le-linux-gnu-gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.40) #27 SMP PREEMPT Sun Feb 22 10:38:56 IST 2026 enter ? for help [link register ] c000000000645dec zap_huge_pmd+0xb0/0x868 [c00000044037f790] c00000044037f7d0 (unreliable) [c00000044037f7d0] c000000000645dcc zap_huge_pmd+0x90/0x868 [c00000044037f840] c0000000005724cc unmap_page_range+0x176c/0x1f40 [c00000044037fa00] c000000000572ea0 unmap_vmas+0xb0/0x1d8 [c00000044037fa90] c0000000005af254 unmap_region+0xb4/0x128 [c00000044037fb50] c0000000005af400 vms_complete_munmap_vmas+0x138/0x310 [c00000044037fbe0] c0000000005b0f1c do_vmi_align_munmap+0x1ec/0x238 [c00000044037fd30] c0000000005b3688 __vm_munmap+0x170/0x1f8 [c00000044037fdf0] c000000000587f74 sys_munmap+0x2c/0x40 [c00000044037fe10] c000000000032668 system_call_exception+0x128/0x350 [c00000044037fe50] c00000000000d05c system_call_vectored_common+0x15c/0x2ec ---- Exception: 3000 (System Call Vectored) at 0000000010064a2c SP (7fff9b1ee9c0) is in userspace 0:mon> zh commit a30b48bf1b24 ("mm/migrate_device: implement THP migration of zone device pages"), enabled migration for device-private PMD entries. Hence this is one other path where this warning could get trigger from. ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: arch/powerpc/mm/book3s64/hash_pgtable.c:199 at hash__pmd_hugepage_update+0x48/0x284, CPU#3: hmm-tests/1905 Modules linked in: test_hmm CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 1905 Comm: hmm-tests Tainted: G B W L N 7.0.0-rc1-01438-g7e2f0ee7581c #21 PREEMPT Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE, [W]=WARN, [L]=SOFTLOCKUP, [N]=TEST Hardware name: IBM pSeries (emulated by qemu) POWER10 (architected) 0x801200 0xf000006 of:SLOF,git-ee03ae pSeries NIP [c000000000096b70] hash__pmd_hugepage_update+0x48/0x284 LR [c000000000096e7c] hash__pmdp_huge_get_and_clear+0xd0/0xd4 Call Trace: [c000000604707670] [c000000004e102b8] 0xc000000004e102b8 (unreliable) [c000000604707700] [c00000000064ec3c] set_pmd_migration_entry+0x414/0x498 [c000000604707760] [c00000000063e5a4] migrate_vma_col ---truncated---

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: libertas: don't kill URBs in interrupt context Serialization for the TX path was enforced by calling usb_kill_urb()/usb_kill_anchored_urbs(), to prevent transmission before a previous URB was completed. usb_tx_block() can be called from interrupt context (e.g. in the HCD giveback path), so we can't always use it to kill in-flight URBs. Prevent sleeping during interrupt context by checking the tx_submitted anchor for existing URBs. We now return -EBUSY, to indicate there's a pending request.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Do not allow deleting local storage in NMI Currently, local storage may deadlock when deferring freeing selem or local storage through kfree_rcu(), call_rcu() or call_rcu_tasks_trace() in NMI or reentrant. Since deleting selem in NMI is an unlikely use case, partially mitigate it by returning error when calling from bpf_xxx_storage_delete() helpers in NMI. Note that, it is still possible to deadlock through reentrant. A full mitigation requires returning error when irqs_disabled() is true, which, however is too heavy-handed for bpf_xxx_storage_delete(). The long-term solution requires _nolock versions of call_rcu. Another possible solution is to defer the free through irq_work [0], but it would grow the size of selem, which is non-ideal. The check is only needed in bpf_selem_unlink(), which is used by helpers and syscalls. bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() is fine as it is called during map and owner tear down that never run in NMI or reentrant. [0] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/[email protected]/

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mt76: mt7925: prevent NULL vif dereference in mt7925_mac_write_txwi Check for a NULL `vif` before accessing `ieee80211_vif_is_mld(vif)` to avoid a potential kernel panic in scenarios where `vif` might not be initialized.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mt76: Fix memory leak destroying device All MT76 rx queues have an associated page_pool even if the queue is not associated to a NAPI (e.g. WED RRO queues with WED enabled). Destroy the page_pool running mt76_dma_cleanup routine during module unload. Moreover returns pages to the page pool if WED is not enabled for WED RRO queues.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mt76: mt7925: fix potential deadlock in mt7925_roc_abort_sync roc_abort_sync() can deadlock with roc_work(). roc_work() holds dev->mt76.mutex, while cancel_work_sync() waits for roc_work() to finish. If the caller already owns the same mutex, both sides block and no progress is possible. This deadlock can occur during station removal when mt76_sta_state() -> mt76_sta_remove() -> mt7925_mac_sta_remove_link() -> mt7925_mac_link_sta_remove() -> mt7925_roc_abort_sync() invokes cancel_work_sync() while roc_work() is still running and holding dev->mt76.mutex. This avoids the mutex deadlock and preserves exactly-once work ownership.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mt76: Fix memory leak after mt76_connac_mcu_alloc_sta_req() mt76_connac_mcu_alloc_sta_req() allocates an skb which is expected to be freed eventually by mt76_mcu_skb_send_msg(). However, currently if an intermediate function fails before sending, the allocated skb is leaked. Specifically, mt76_connac_mcu_sta_wed_update() and mt76_connac_mcu_sta_key_tlv() may fail, leading to an immediate memory leak in the error path. Fix this by explicitly freeing the skb in these error paths. Commit 7c0f63fe37a5 ("wifi: mt76: mt7996: fix memory leak on mt7996_mcu_sta_key_tlv error") made a similar change. Compile tested only. Issue found using a prototype static analysis tool and code review.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mt76: mt7921: fix potential deadlock in mt7921_roc_abort_sync roc_abort_sync() can deadlock with roc_work(). roc_work() holds dev->mt76.mutex, while cancel_work_sync() waits for roc_work() to finish. If the caller already owns the same mutex, both sides block and no progress is possible. This deadlock can occur during station removal when mt76_sta_state() -> mt76_sta_remove() -> mt7921_mac_sta_remove() -> mt7921_roc_abort_sync() invokes cancel_work_sync() while roc_work() is still running and holding dev->mt76.mutex. This avoids the mutex deadlock and preserves exactly-once work ownership.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mt76: fix deadlock in remain-on-channel mt76_remain_on_channel() and mt76_roc_complete() call mt76_set_channel() while already holding dev->mutex. Since mt76_set_channel() also acquires dev->mutex, this results in a deadlock. Use __mt76_set_channel() instead of mt76_set_channel(). Add cancel_delayed_work_sync() for mac_work before acquiring the mutex in mt76_remain_on_channel() to prevent a secondary deadlock with the mac_work workqueue.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Switch CONFIG_CFI_CLANG to CONFIG_CFI This was renamed in commit 23ef9d439769 ("kcfi: Rename CONFIG_CFI_CLANG to CONFIG_CFI") as it is now a compiler-agnostic option. Using the wrong name results in the code getting compiled out. Meaning the CFI failures for btf_dtor_kfunc_t would still trigger.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mt76: mt7915: fix use-after-free bugs in mt7915_mac_dump_work() When the mt7915 pci chip is detaching, the mt7915_crash_data is released in mt7915_coredump_unregister(). However, the work item dump_work may still be running or pending, leading to UAF bugs when the already freed crash_data is dereferenced again in mt7915_mac_dump_work(). The race condition can occur as follows: CPU 0 (removal path) | CPU 1 (workqueue) mt7915_pci_remove() | mt7915_sys_recovery_set() mt7915_unregister_device() | mt7915_reset() mt7915_coredump_unregister() | queue_work() vfree(dev->coredump.crash_data) | mt7915_mac_dump_work() | crash_data-> // UAF Fix this by ensuring dump_work is properly canceled before the crash_data is deallocated. Add cancel_work_sync() in mt7915_unregister_device() to synchronize with any pending or executing dump work.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mt76: mt7996: fix use-after-free bugs in mt7996_mac_dump_work() When the mt7996 pci chip is detaching, the mt7996_crash_data is released in mt7996_coredump_unregister(). However, the work item dump_work may still be running or pending, leading to UAF bugs when the already freed crash_data is dereferenced again in mt7996_mac_dump_work(). The race condition can occur as follows: CPU 0 (removal path) | CPU 1 (workqueue) mt7996_pci_remove() | mt7996_sys_recovery_set() mt7996_unregister_device() | mt7996_reset() mt7996_coredump_unregister() | queue_work() vfree(dev->coredump.crash_data) | mt7996_mac_dump_work() | crash_data-> // UAF Fix this by ensuring dump_work is properly canceled before the crash_data is deallocated. Add cancel_work_sync() in mt7996_unregister_device() to synchronize with any pending or executing dump work.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Use RCU-safe iteration in dev_map_redirect_multi() SKB path The DEVMAP_HASH branch in dev_map_redirect_multi() uses hlist_for_each_entry_safe() to iterate hash buckets, but this function runs under RCU protection (called from xdp_do_generic_redirect_map() in softirq context). Concurrent writers (__dev_map_hash_update_elem, dev_map_hash_delete_elem) modify the list using RCU primitives (hlist_add_head_rcu, hlist_del_rcu). hlist_for_each_entry_safe() performs plain pointer dereferences without rcu_dereference(), missing the acquire barrier needed to pair with writers' rcu_assign_pointer(). On weakly-ordered architectures (ARM64, POWER), a reader can observe a partially-constructed node. It also defeats CONFIG_PROVE_RCU lockdep validation and KCSAN data-race detection. Replace with hlist_for_each_entry_rcu() using rcu_read_lock_bh_held() as the lockdep condition, consistent with the rcu_dereference_check() used in the DEVMAP (non-hash) branch of the same functions. Also fix the same incorrect lockdep_is_held(&dtab->index_lock) condition in dev_map_enqueue_multi(), where the lock is not held either.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix abuse of kprobe_write_ctx via freplace uprobe programs are allowed to modify struct pt_regs. Since the actual program type of uprobe is KPROBE, it can be abused to modify struct pt_regs via kprobe+freplace when the kprobe attaches to kernel functions. For example, SEC("?kprobe") int kprobe(struct pt_regs *regs) { return 0; } SEC("?freplace") int freplace_kprobe(struct pt_regs *regs) { regs->di = 0; return 0; } freplace_kprobe prog will attach to kprobe prog. kprobe prog will attach to a kernel function. Without this patch, when the kernel function runs, its first arg will always be set as 0 via the freplace_kprobe prog. To fix the abuse of kprobe_write_ctx=true via kprobe+freplace, disallow attaching freplace programs on kprobe programs with different kprobe_write_ctx values.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix stale offload->prog pointer after constant blinding When a dev-bound-only BPF program (BPF_F_XDP_DEV_BOUND_ONLY) undergoes JIT compilation with constant blinding enabled (bpf_jit_harden >= 2), bpf_jit_blind_constants() clones the program. The original prog is then freed in bpf_jit_prog_release_other(), which updates aux->prog to point to the surviving clone, but fails to update offload->prog. This leaves offload->prog pointing to the freed original program. When the network namespace is subsequently destroyed, cleanup_net() triggers bpf_dev_bound_netdev_unregister(), which iterates ondev->progs and calls __bpf_prog_offload_destroy(offload->prog). Accessing the freed prog causes a page fault: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffc900085f1038 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net RIP: 0010:__bpf_prog_offload_destroy+0xc/0x80 Call Trace: __bpf_offload_dev_netdev_unregister+0x257/0x350 bpf_dev_bound_netdev_unregister+0x4a/0x90 unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x2a2/0x660 ... cleanup_net+0x21a/0x320 The test sequence that triggers this reliably is: 1. Set net.core.bpf_jit_harden=2 (echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden) 2. Run xdp_metadata selftest, which creates a dev-bound-only XDP program on a veth inside a netns (./test_progs -t xdp_metadata) 3. cleanup_net -> page fault in __bpf_prog_offload_destroy Dev-bound-only programs are unique in that they have an offload structure but go through the normal JIT path instead of bpf_prog_offload_compile(). This means they are subject to constant blinding's prog clone-and-replace, while also having offload->prog that must stay in sync. Fix this by updating offload->prog in bpf_jit_prog_release_other(), alongside the existing aux->prog update. Both are back-pointers to the prog that must be kept in sync when the prog is replaced.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: brcmfmac: Fix error pointer dereference The function brcmf_chip_add_core() can return an error pointer and is not checked. Add checks for error pointer. Detected by Smatch: drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/chip.c:1010 brcmf_chip_recognition() error: 'core' dereferencing possible ERR_PTR() drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/chip.c:1013 brcmf_chip_recognition() error: 'core' dereferencing possible ERR_PTR() drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/chip.c:1016 brcmf_chip_recognition() error: 'core' dereferencing possible ERR_PTR() drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/chip.c:1019 brcmf_chip_recognition() error: 'core' dereferencing possible ERR_PTR() drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/chip.c:1022 brcmf_chip_recognition() error: 'core' dereferencing possible ERR_PTR() [add missing wifi: prefix]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix linked reg delta tracking when src_reg == dst_reg Consider the case of rX += rX where src_reg and dst_reg are pointers to the same bpf_reg_state in adjust_reg_min_max_vals(). The latter first modifies the dst_reg in-place, and later in the delta tracking, the subsequent is_reg_const(src_reg)/reg_const_value(src_reg) reads the post-{add,sub} value instead of the original source. This is problematic since it sets an incorrect delta, which sync_linked_regs() then propagates to linked registers, thus creating a verifier-vs-runtime mismatch. Fix it by just skipping this corner case.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: pull headers in qdisc_pkt_len_segs_init() Most ndo_start_xmit() methods expects headers of gso packets to be already in skb->head. net/core/tso.c users are particularly at risk, because tso_build_hdr() does a memcpy(hdr, skb->data, hdr_len); qdisc_pkt_len_segs_init() already does a dissection of gso packets. Use pskb_may_pull() instead of skb_header_pointer() to make sure drivers do not have to reimplement this. Some malicious packets could be fed, detect them so that we can drop them sooner with a new SKB_DROP_REASON_SKB_BAD_GSO drop_reason.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix ld_{abs,ind} failure path analysis in subprogs Usage of ld_{abs,ind} instructions got extended into subprogs some time ago via commit 09b28d76eac4 ("bpf: Add abnormal return checks."). These are only allowed in subprograms when the latter are BTF annotated and have scalar return types. The code generator in bpf_gen_ld_abs() has an abnormal exit path (r0=0 + exit) from legacy cBPF times. While the enforcement is on scalar return types, the verifier must also simulate the path of abnormal exit if the packet data load via ld_{abs,ind} failed. This is currently not the case. Fix it by having the verifier simulate both success and failure paths, and extend it in similar ways as we do for tail calls. The success path (r0=unknown, continue to next insn) is pushed onto stack for later validation and the r0=0 and return to the caller is done on the fall-through side.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix use-after-free in offloaded map/prog info fill When querying info for an offloaded BPF map or program, bpf_map_offload_info_fill_ns() and bpf_prog_offload_info_fill_ns() obtain the network namespace with get_net(dev_net(offmap->netdev)). However, the associated netdev's netns may be racing with teardown during netns destruction. If the netns refcount has already reached 0, get_net() performs a refcount_t increment on 0, triggering: refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free. Although rtnl_lock and bpf_devs_lock ensure the netdev pointer remains valid, they cannot prevent the netns refcount from reaching zero. Fix this by using maybe_get_net() instead of get_net(). maybe_get_net() uses refcount_inc_not_zero() and returns NULL if the refcount is already zero, which causes ns_get_path_cb() to fail and the caller to return -ENOENT -- the correct behavior when the netns is being destroyed.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: bcmgenet: fix off-by-one in bcmgenet_put_txcb The write_ptr points to the next open tx_cb. We want to return the tx_cb that gets rewinded, so we must rewind the pointer first then return the tx_cb that it points to. That way the txcb can be correctly cleaned up.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: bcmgenet: fix leaking free_bds While reclaiming the tx queue we fast forward the write pointer to drop any data in flight. These dropped frames are not added back to the pool of free bds. We also need to tell the netdev that we are dropping said data.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: bcmgenet: fix racing timeout handler The bcmgenet_timeout handler tries to take down all tx queues when a single queue times out. This is over zealous and causes many race conditions with queues that are still chugging along. Instead lets only restart the timed out queue.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: fix mm lifecycle in open-coded task_vma iterator The open-coded task_vma iterator reads task->mm locklessly and acquires mmap_read_trylock() but never calls mmget(). If the task exits concurrently, the mm_struct can be freed as it is not SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, resulting in a use-after-free. Safely read task->mm with a trylock on alloc_lock and acquire an mm reference. Drop the reference via bpf_iter_mmput_async() in _destroy() and error paths. bpf_iter_mmput_async() is a local wrapper around mmput_async() with a fallback to mmput() on !CONFIG_MMU. Reject irqs-disabled contexts (including NMI) up front. Operations used by _next() and _destroy() (mmap_read_unlock, bpf_iter_mmput_async) take spinlocks with IRQs disabled (pool->lock, pi_lock). Running from NMI or from a tracepoint that fires with those locks held could deadlock. A trylock on alloc_lock is used instead of the blocking task_lock() (get_task_mm) to avoid a deadlock when a softirq BPF program iterates a task that already holds its alloc_lock on the same CPU.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: return VMA snapshot from task_vma iterator Holding the per-VMA lock across the BPF program body creates a lock ordering problem when helpers acquire locks that depend on mmap_lock: vm_lock -> i_rwsem -> mmap_lock -> vm_lock Snapshot the VMA under the per-VMA lock in _next() via memcpy(), then drop the lock before returning. The BPF program accesses only the snapshot. The verifier only trusts vm_mm and vm_file pointers (see BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED_OR_NULL in verifier.c). vm_file is reference- counted with get_file() under the lock and released via fput() on the next iteration or in _destroy(). vm_mm is already correct because lock_vma_under_rcu() verifies vma->vm_mm == mm. All other pointers are left as-is by memcpy() since the verifier treats them as untrusted.